PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.